The rise of green energy technologies – solar panels, wind turbines, electric vehicles, and large-scale batteries – is necessary for a low-carbon future; however, the transition from a fossil fuel base to a renewable-energy system depends on materials and, particularly, metals, to manufacture and maintain energy conversion technologies. This is expected to lead to significant growth in demand for a wide range of minerals and metals, such as cobalt, copper and lithium, which could further unlock Africa’s potential mineral development as the world progresses towards a carbon-neutral future. While the demand for minerals and metals provides economic opportunities for resource-rich developing countries and private-sector entities, major challenges will arise and need to be managed responsibly and sustainably as the climate-driven clean energy transition unfolds.
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